Prepare: Preheat the oven to 350°F. Lightly grease a 15 × 10-inch jelly roll pan. Line it with parchment paper and lightly grease the paper. Dust a thin kitchen towel evenly with approximately ¼ cup powdered sugar.
Mix the dry ingredients: Whisk the flour, baking powder, baking soda, pumpkin pie spice, and salt in a medium bowl.
Beat the wet ingredients: Beat the eggs and granulated sugar until thick, pale, and fluffy, about 3–5 minutes. Mix in the pumpkin.
Finish the batter: Gently fold in the flour mixture just until combined. Spread the batter evenly in the prepared pan.
Bake: Bake for 11–15 minutes, checking at 11 minutes, until the cake springs back when lightly touched.
Roll while hot: Loosen the cake’s edges, then carefully invert it onto the sugared towel. Peel off the baking parchment. Starting at a short end, gently roll the cake with the fresh parchment inside. Cool completely, seam-side down, on a wire rack, about 45–60 minutes.
Make the filling: Beat the cream cheese and butter until smooth. Mix in the vanilla and powdered sugar until creamy.
Fill: Gently unroll the completely cooled cake without forcing the inner curl flat. Spread with filling, leaving a ½-inch border. Reroll while peeling away the towel do not leave towel inside the filled roll.
Chill and serve: Wrap in plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 1 hour. Dust with powdered sugar just before serving. Cut into 12 slices, wiping the knife between cuts.